What are steroids?
The word "steroid" is the name for a group of chemicals whose structures are very similar. There are three types of steroids, most people know:
1) medications such as hydrocortisone: Known medically as "corticosteroids," these steroids in non-prescription creams and ointments found that control skin rashes and itching. Two common brand names are Cortaid (R) and Lanacort (R). Corticosteroids are not thought to be addictive.
2) Female sex hormones: Known medically as "estrogen" and "progesterone", these steroids cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics in women and to preserve the female reproductive organs. Estrogens and progestogens are the active ingredients in prescription birth control pills. Estrogens and progestins can not be expected to addiction.
3) Male sex hormones: These are medically known as "androgenic" refers to. Testosterone is the androgen leads to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and maintains the male reproductive organs. Drugs such as testosterone have been identified recently in abuse and addiction liability. (1) These drugs are "known anabolic steroids." As (2)
There are only minor chemical differences between the members of a particular class of steroids and other. Under certain conditions the changes in the body, a sort of steroids in the other. These are
covered in detail under the question: "What effects anabolic steroids on male sexual function?"
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Thurs anabolic steroids no legitimate medical purpose use?
Anabolic steroids have several legitimate medical uses.
Testicular cancer is often the removal of the testes in men. After surgery, these men are prescribed oral anabolic steroids, testosterone that their bodies can no longer be able to replace. This is their secondary sex characteristics. (1-3)
Male adolescents with disorders of the pituitary gland are treated with injectable anabolic steroids when they reach the age to puberty. Anabolic steroids for four to six months in the right dose schedule, given the surge in growth and development of secondary sexual characteristics cause. (2-4)
After certain types of surgery and cancer, the patient experiences loss of muscle tissue. Anabolic steroids are used in such cases, with exercise and diet for building muscle tissue. (2,3,5)
Anabolic steroids in high doses are transsexual women who wish to be given permanently masculinized. (1) This is not an officially approved medical use of anabolic steroids in the United States.
Anabolic steroids may one day be used as a male oral contraceptive. However, the current negative image as abusable drugs of this research. (6 limits)
Doses of steroids for medically approved uses in the range of 2.5 mg per day to 400 mg every 4 weeks. (3.5) taken as a rule only one anabolic steroid at a time. Athletes take 8 to the maximum recommended dose is 10 times that of each agent, and often take more than one type at a time. (7) In the typical dosing regimens, athletes are under the equivalent of 20 to 2000 mg of testosterone per day, 2 to 200 times the normal dose. (7.8) For more information on dosing intervals is under the question is, "How are anabolic steroids used by athletes?"
For most applications, statutory provision, anabolic steroid doses approximation of small amounts of anabolic steroids, which would be produced naturally by the body. The correct dosage for the various conditions to be determined in pharmaceutical company laboratories under controlled experimental conditions. Before a test dose of any new drug will get to a human volunteer, extensive studies have been performed on animals to find out how strong the drug is and how much to give.
In contrast, anabolic steroid offenders receive their instructions from hearsay. Dosing directions are from one person to another without proof of efficacy or compliance with standards adopted by the medical prescription.
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How are anabolic steroids used by athletes?
Athletes take steroids in large quantities and often more than one type of steroids at the same time. This is called "stacking" or "stacking the pyramid." (1-3)
Athletes usually are not too high doses of steroids all the time. Instead, they take large amounts of steroids for 4 to 18 weeks, then stop taking them for 1 to 12 months. This is called "cycling." (2,4,5) Combinations of stacking and cycling greatly from a steroid abuser next. Methods of use of one person to another by word of mouth instead passed on the basis of scientific experiments. The cans are made from younger athletes today can be as much as 36% higher than the doses of anabolic steroids by athletes in recent years. (Say 6) Formal scientific studies are missing, and nobody knows whether stacking and cycling cause more than the normal muscle growth for doses of steroids. (5)
Most anabolic steroid offenders purchasing these drugs on the black market. Since there is no control over this activity, the identity and purity of the drug are questionable. And other athletes sometimes use veterinary steroids. (5.7), since these have been developed for use in animals, there were no studies in humans, the dose was to determine or predict side effects. (5)
Like other drugs black market, bootleg steroids in clandestine laboratories. (7-9) They look like the actual drug has, however, may not have the same active ingredients and the right strength. (9) For example, methandrostenolone (Dianabol (R)) was a popular anabolic steroid. After being off the market by its legitimate manufacturers (5.9), it is still sold illegally. A recent study analyzed three samples labeled "methandrostenolone." Instead of the steroid on the label, one containing methyl testosterone, another was caffeine, and the third had no active ingredients. (9) Moreover, injectable drugs were obtained in illegal laboratories, not to be sterile.
For each drug, the higher the dose, the more likely it is that side effects will occur. This also applies to anabolic steroids as well. Anabolic perpetrators to control sometimes other drugs to cause the side effects of steroids: (7) estrogen-blockers are taken to prevent breast augmentation (to examine the question, "What effects do anabolic steroids in adults have to understand "why this is the case);? diuretics (fluid pills) will be taken to treat fluid retention, human chorionic gonadotropin are taken to prevent testicular atrophy, human growth hormones are taken to muscle- and to increase body. (7) Each of these drugs causes side effects for themselves.
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Begin to use the age at which people anabolic steroids?
Two-thirds of the steroid offenders they began at the age of 16 years or younger use. (1) Of the estimated 1 million U.S. steroid offenders, three quarters are thought to be in school. (2) Those who are not in high school average of about 25 years old. (3) This is the same average age of the bodybuilders in the sport and sports clubs. (3)
The younger someone is, the greater the potential for tragic side effects of anabolic steroids. (4) Female children are accidentally exposed to steroids in the womb, male external genitalia develop while maintaining female sex organs. (4) Altered genital development, and greatly reduced level effects in young children who saw accidentally exposed to steroids.
Fortunately steroid abuse among pregnant women is rare, and steroids seem to be abused by less than 12 children.
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What effects do anabolic steroids have in adults? Steroids and Gynecomastia?
In males, are on anabolic steroids in female sex hormones. (1-4 metabolized) This leads to the growth of breasts in men, not medically as "gynecomastia" or "man breasts" (2,5,6) While dramatic growth of breast aware occur in all cases of steroid abuse, it is an irreversible side effect. (4.7)
Testosterone by the testes in the height of 4 to 10 milligrams per day. (Manufactured 8) If a man takes steroids, the body recognizes the excess steroids and signals the testes to stop them. When they stop producing testosterone, but also to adjust the production of live sperm. Will result (2.9) Long anabolic steroid abuse to infertility and decreased testicular size (4,5,10) In adult males, the testicles begin again carried out within 6 months after the steroids function. (1,4,11) It is not known whether anabolic steroids have a different effect on testicular function in male adolescents. (12) have
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How anabolic steroids work?
A normal male produces 20 times more testosterone than a normal woman. (1) This additional testosterone is a greater development of the muscles in men than in women is responsible, and the development of the opposite sex characteristics such as beard growth and a deep voice. (2) Testosterone does these things when they absorbed from the blood of certain types of cells. (3) of testosterone molecules attach themselves to places in the cells as "receptors" as a key fits the lock was not designed. When the receptor is filled by the right kind of molecule, it is the cell to specific functions. (1 disabled) For example, in muscle cells, testosterone stimulates the production of protein. (3) There are only a certain number of these "receptors" in each cell. Obtained when only a few of them, filled by the right kind of molecule, the cell responds to a low level. When they are all busy, gives the cell its maximum response.
A normal male secretes enough testosterone in their blood to most of his testosterone receptors to fill. However, if the large doses of anabolic steroids that weightlifters will take place, the cells are not able to do more than they would with a low dose of steroids, because the receptors are already filled . (3.4) The only extra testosterone side effects more likely.
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Steroide verursachen Muskel-und Körper-Wachstum?
There is no evidence that will have extremely high doses of steroids alone muscle growth through a chemical effect. In many animal species, high doses of steroids do not produce more muscle growth than the normal dose would. (1,2) However, there is evidence that steroids enhance muscle growth, if they carried with strict physical training and a high protein diet. (3-5) This exercise program must be present before and during the anabolic steroids. (4.6)
Anabolic steroids act on the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes within the body. Anabolism, the constructive process by which substances are simple to more complex compounds, such as bone and muscle tissue converted. Reduction is the equivalent destructive process that breaks down these complex compounds for removal from the body. Normal body temperature is to try to keep a balance between these two methods as in tissue regeneration and replacement. (7) The state of anabolism and catabolism can be measured by evaluating the body's nitrogen balance to carry.
Stedman's Medical Dictionary as it is this:
[Nitrogen balance is] recorded the difference between total nitrogen and total nitrogen excreted by an organism. In an adult, probably not grow, this should be zero at a particular recording or higher. (8)
Anabolic steroids reverse the catabolic effect by increasing protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. (4.7) they are probably in the cellular cytosol and binds to spread to the androgen receptor. The newly formed receptor-steroid complex migrates into the nucleus, interacts with the DNA and initiates transcription. The production of RNA is then increased, resulting in an increased rate of protein synthesis. In this way, the use of these agents increases muscle mass and strength. (7.9)
In order to accumulate for the athlete extra muscle mass, his or her job will be temporarily in a state of positive nitrogen balance: More nitrogen (as muscle mass) must be in the body, as it will be lost. In strenuous exercise, the release of glucocorticoids in the body triggers a negative nitrogen balance. After exposure, the body experiences a temporary state of positive nitrogen balance, in which new proteins are added to the muscle cells. Unless it an additional nitrogen balance to zero.
Without the use of anabolic steroids muscle mass is built up very slowly after a long period of rigorous training. Anabolic steroids can effect the short-term catabolic vice versa, resulting in a positive nitrogen balance and faster gains in muscle mass.
However, the maintenance is only a positive nitrogen balance of short duration (1-2 months), if the steroid dose is increased continuously. Rapid tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to steroids occurs in muscle tissue, as the body tries to maintain homeostasis. (Get 9) A homeostatic mechanism, an increase of serum cortisol during steroid treatment. This may counteract the anabolic amplifying effect, while the catabolic. (9) The risk of serious side effects may be increased, the sports higher and higher doses of anabolic steroids is to maintain a positive nitrogen balance.
There is some evidence that anabolic steroids work to cause the athlete to feel like more and more. (5) This psychological effect may be more important than the direct chemical effect. (5) Frequent and strong training can be a reason for the increased incidence of connective tissue injuries with steroid abuse. (10 associates)
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What effects do anabolic steroids on the female sexual characteristics?
Steroids cause sex-specific side effects in women. High dose steroids reduce breast size in women (1), cause the growth of facial and chest hair, (1,2) and can cause menstrual irregularities. (2) Continued use leads to an irreversible deepening of the voice (1.2) and enlargement of the clitoris, the female genitalia is similar to the male penis. (1-3) An increase in the female sex drive is, in some but not all, anabolic steroids abusers. (4) Male pattern baldness may also occur in female steroid offenders (1), although it is unclear whether hair growth in women will continue when steroids are stopped. (2.3) while taking steroids, the female athletes accept these physical changes due to changes in the mental attitude of steroid use. (5) If the steroids are stopped, "Changes in the body can become unbearable." (5)
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What effects do anabolic steroids have on men?
High doses of anabolic steroids may be a temporary sterility, testicular atrophy, and the development of female sexual characteristics in the normal male. (1-4) A case of prostate cancer was associated with steroid abuse of an athlete. (5.6)
The severity of these effects
depends on how much has been taken off the steroids and how long the steroid user has been taking the drug. (1)
In the normal male, secrete testosterone and the testicles to make sperm. The pituitary gland in the brain monitors the amount of testosterone in the blood of man. If the level is too low, it secretes the hormone FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone ") for the cause of the testes to secrete more testosterone. If it's too much testosterone, the pituitary cuts back on FSH and LH, and testosterone levels decrease. In this way the body controls the amount of testosterone needed to produce seeds to maintain male sex characteristics.
If a man takes steroids, the pituitary gland detects the sudden high quantity of anabolic steroids and sends a chemical signal to shut down production of testosterone in the testicles. The longer a person takes steroids, the longer the testis remain idle. The sperm cells begin to have abnormal shapes, and are less numerous. (1) If anabolic abuse long enough, the male is infertile. (1.2) The testes of male athletes, have reduced the stacking and cycling steroids for years in size. (3) If the adult male stops anabolic steroids, testicular function is normal. (2.7 probably back) However, it may take up to four months a year or more for him again to form normal sperm and fertility. (1.2)
In two cases, which can have long-term use of anabolic steroids in permanent sterility and loss of libido with impotence due to a permanent effect on the pituitary gland out. (4) However, further studies must be done to determine if the pituitary gland steroids caused damage or if any of these men had pre-existing pituitary damage. (4)
If there are large quantities of anabolic steroids in the body, some of them are metabolized to estradiol and conjugated form Testron female hormones. (1.8 to 11) In some anabolic steroids abuse will result in breast enlargement, medically as "gynecomastia." (7.11) Breast growth is an irreversible side effect of anabolic steroid abuse and may differ from one cycle to the next. (12)
The use of alcohol while taking anabolic steroids increases the likelihood of breast growth. (11) The body is changing a part of the anabolic steroids to conjugated estradiol and estrone, female sex hormones through a chemical process called "flavor." (6) Usually the liver are rapidly deactivated most of these female hormones before they can have an impact on the body. Alcohol inhibits the l iver disable them so that they promote breast cancer growth. Bodybuilders are more likely to drink alcohol more than others of their age. (13)
